Antidepressant addiction

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Last Updated:

May 7th, 2024

Antidepressants can provide immense relief for those struggling with depression. They can help people manage the persistent burden of depressive symptoms and allow many to lead fuller, happier lives. Despite these benefits, there are potential risks with every medication and antidepressant addiction is a serious but often unacknowledged danger. Antidepressant addiction can cause enormous damage to health and personal life and undermine the very improvements the medication is designed to provide. It is crucial that anyone who is prescribed antidepressants, as well as individuals who may be using them without a prescription, are fully informed of the potential risks and where to seek help if they are struggling with addiction.

What are antidepressants?

Antidepressants are a class of medication designed to alleviate symptoms of depression, a condition characterised by persistent sadness, lack of interest in activities and an overwhelming sense of despair. The history of antidepressants dates back to the 1950s, with the accidental discovery of iproniazid, initially developed to treat tuberculosis, which was found to have mood-elevating properties. This paved the way for the development of various classes of antidepressants, each working through different mechanisms to influence mood-regulating chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine.

The primary effect of antidepressants is to correct imbalances in these neurotransmitters, which are key factors in depression. By increasing the levels of these chemicals in the brain, antidepressants can improve mood, enhance energy levels and restore interest in life.

There are several different types of antidepressants, including:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

These are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants, which are known for their relatively fewer side effects. Examples include fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa) and sertraline (Zoloft).

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

These medications include venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta), which affect both serotonin and norepinephrine.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

An older class of medication, including amitriptyline and clomipramine, is known for their potent effects but higher risk of side effects.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

This is another older class of drugs, which includes phenelzine and tranylcypromine but is used less frequently due to dietary restrictions and side effect profiles.

Atypical antidepressants

This group includes medications that don’t fit neatly into the other categories, such as bupropion (Wellbutrin), which affects dopamine and norepinephrine.

What is antidepressants addiction?

Antidepressant addiction stems from reliance on antidepressants, typically starting with a legitimate prescription for depression or anxiety. Over time, misuse may occur, with individuals self-adjusting doses or using the medication for unintended purposes. This can lead to physical dependence, characterised by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.

Psychological dependence occurs when the medication becomes a crutch for dealing with life’s challenges, leading to an inability to cope without it. The fear of relapse into depression or anxiety can further reinforce this dependence, creating a cycle of addiction that’s hard to break.

It is important to distinguish between physical dependence and addiction. Many individuals who take antidepressants long-term may experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop suddenly, but this does not necessarily mean they are addicted. Addiction involves a compulsion to continue using the medication despite negative consequences to health, relationships and daily functioning. Recognising this distinction is crucial for understanding and addressing antidepressant addiction effectively.

How to spot antidepressants addiction symptoms

Recognising the symptoms of antidepressant addiction is crucial for timely and effective intervention. This can be particularly challenging when antidepressants have been prescribed for legitimate medical reasons, blurring the lines between necessary use and addictive behaviour.

Antidepressants addiction symptoms can vary widely among individuals, but common symptoms to look out for include:

Preoccupation with obtaining and taking antidepressants
Continuing to use antidepressants even when it leads to harmful outcomes for health, relationships or work.
Loss of interest in other activities
Isolation from friends and family
Neglecting important personal responsibilities
Becoming defensive or angry when someone mentions the medication use.
Visiting multiple doctors to obtain more prescriptions
Alteration of dosage without medical guidance, often to enhance the effects of antidepressants

If you recognise these addiction symptoms in yourself or someone you know, reaching out for help as soon as possible can greatly increase the chances of a successful recovery.

Who is most at risk of antidepressants addiction?

While anyone taking antidepressants can potentially develop a dependence, certain factors increase the risk of a prescription drug addiction. These risk factors are often a combination of the underlying causes of depression, personal health and environmental influences. Some of the key risk factors include:

History of substance abuse

People with a past or current struggle with substance abuse, including alcohol, drugs or prescription medications, are at a higher risk of developing an addiction to antidepressants.

Long-term use

Prolonged use of antidepressants increases the likelihood of becoming physically dependent on them, especially without regular medical review and adjustment.

Lack of supervision

Taking antidepressants to self-medicate or without proper medical supervision can significantly increase the risk of addiction.

Psychological factors

People with certain psychological traits, such as a tendency towards compulsive behaviour or difficulty managing stress, may be more likely to become dependent on antidepressants.

Co-occurring mental health conditions

People with other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders or personality disorders, may be more susceptible to antidepressant addiction, particularly if medication is used to self-medicate or cope with these conditions.

Social and environmental factors

Stressful life circumstances, lack of social support and a family or social group where medication misuse is common can all contribute to the risk of antidepressant addiction.

Genetic predisposition

Genetics may play a role in an individual’s susceptibility to addiction, including to prescription medications like antidepressants.

It is important to note that these risk factors do not guarantee that someone will develop an addiction to antidepressants. However, being aware of these factors can help individuals and healthcare providers take preventative steps such as closely monitoring medication use, exploring alternative treatments and addressing underlying issues that contribute to the need for antidepressants.

What are the dangers of antidepressants addiction?

Recognising the potential dangers of antidepressants is essential for understanding the gravity of the condition and the importance of seeking help. The repercussions can be categorised into short-term and long-term effects, each carrying its own set of challenges and risks:

Short-term dangers

Withdrawal symptoms: Abrupt changes in medication can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, mood swings, flu-like symptoms and insomnia.
Impaired judgement: Dependence on antidepressants can cloud decision-making, potentially leading to poor judgement and risky behaviours.
Side effects exacerbation: Misuse of antidepressants can intensify side effects, including weight gain, sexual dysfunction and increased anxiety or depression in some cases.
Accidents and injuries: The altered mental state caused by antidepressant addiction may increase the likelihood of accidents and injuries.

Long-term dangers

Physical health decline: Prolonged misuse of antidepressants can impact physical health, potentially leading to heart problems, liver damage and other organ dysfunctions.
Mental health deterioration: Addiction can worsen the very conditions antidepressants are prescribed to treat, such as depression and anxiety, leading to a vicious cycle of increasing medication use.
Social and relationship problems: The behaviour changes and withdrawal associated with addiction can strain relationships with family, friends and colleagues.
Employment and financial issues: The preoccupation with obtaining and using the medication can affect performance at work or school, potentially leading to job loss and financial difficulties.
Legal issues: Doctor shopping and obtaining medications without a prescription can lead to legal problems, including arrest and conviction.

Understanding these dangers highlights the importance of addressing antidepressant addiction as a serious condition requiring comprehensive treatment and support.

How is antidepressants addiction treated?

Antidepressant addiction treatment involves a multifaceted approach that addresses both the physical dependence and the underlying psychological issues. Prescription drug detox is the first step, which removes antidepressants from the body, breaks physical dependence and allows healing to begin. The antidepressant detox process should always be done under medical supervision at a facility like Sanctuary Lodge, where withdrawal symptoms can be managed effectively.

Following detox, antidepressant rehab offers a comprehensive treatment programme that addresses the psychological aspects of addiction. At Sanctuary Lodge, prescription drug rehab includes therapy, counselling and ongoing aftercare support, providing lifelong strategies to cope with stress, depression and anxiety without relying on medication.

This multi-pronged has been proven to be the most effective for helping people to overcome antidepressant addiction and rebuild their lives.

Get help for antidepressant addiction at Sanctuary Lodge

If you or someone you know is struggling with antidepressant addiction, Sanctuary Lodge is here to help. We offer a compassionate and supportive environment for those seeking to overcome addiction and reclaim control over their lives. Our team of experienced professionals will help you understand the complexities of antidepressant addiction and guide you towards a healthier, happier future.

Contact Sanctuary Lodge today to learn more about how we can support you in breaking free from antidepressant addiction.

FAQs

Are all antidepressants addictive?

Not all antidepressants are considered addictive in the traditional sense, as most do not produce the euphoric high commonly associated with addiction. However, some individuals may develop a physical and psychological dependence on the medication, particularly if they misuse it by altering doses without medical advice. These can then lead to addiction, where they continue to use antidepressants despite the negative consequences.

Can recovering addicts take antidepressants?

Those in recovery from addiction can take antidepressants if prescribed by a healthcare professional who is fully informed about their history of substance abuse. However, the prescribing doctor must monitor the use closely and choose medications with a lower risk of addiction or misuse. The decision to use antidepressants during recovery is often made on a case-by-case basis, considering the benefits of managing depression or anxiety against the potential risks.