Buprenorphine Addiction

Written by:

Nicki Hari

Last Updated:

May 7th, 2024

Buprenorphine is seen as a lifeline for many. Whether it’s pain management or one of the core medicines used for people with OUD, it’s regarded as a valuable medication to have when needed. Unfortunately, Buprenorphine has a dark side that can lead to the path of addiction and, in some cases, even overdose. If you, or someone you know, is showing signs of Buprenorphine addiction, this page aims to educate as well as offer advice on how to start the recovery journey for a life without Buprenorphine.

What is buprenorphine?

Buprenorphine is a type of pain relief medication that’s partly artificial, based on thebaine, a natural substance found in opium poppies. It has a unique action on the brain’s pain receptors, both activating and blocking them, which can help manage pain with potentially lower risks of addiction and overdose compared to stronger painkillers like morphine or fentanyl. This dual action makes Buprenorphine particularly useful in both pain management and treating opioid addiction.

In the United Kingdom, Buprenorphine is available under various brand names, reflecting its diverse applications in medical practice. Some of the brand names for buprenorphine formulations include:

• Subutex: Often used in the context of opioid dependence treatment, Subutex is a sublingual tablet form of Buprenorphine.
• Buvidal: This is a long-acting, injectable form of Buprenorphine, used for the treatment of opioid dependence. It’s designed for weekly or monthly administration.
• Temgesic: Available as sublingual tablets or injections, Temgesic is used for pain management.
• Butrans: A transdermal patch that releases buprenorphine over several days, used for chronic pain management.

What is buprenorphine used for?

Buprenorphine is used for two main purposes: pain management and treating opioid use disorder (OUD).

Pain management

Buprenorphine is used to treat moderate to severe chronic pain when other treatments have not been effective. Its unique properties allow it to provide pain relief while potentially reducing the risk of side effects common with other opioids, such as respiratory depression (slowed breathing) and a potential for buprenorphine abuse. Buprenorphine’s ceiling effect (a point where increasing doses do not increase effects) helps mitigate these risks, making it a safer option for long-term pain management in some patients.

Opioid use disorder (OUD)

For opioid use disorder, buprenorphine plays a crucial role in medication-assisted treatment (MAT). It helps people reduce or quit their use of heroin or other opiates, such as prescription pain relievers. By activating opioid receptors in the brain at a lower intensity, buprenorphine relieves cravings and withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction without producing the high associated with opioid abuse. This assists people in reducing their dependence on opioids and can significantly improve their chances of recovery.

The dark side of buprenorphine

Buprenorphine represents a significant advancement in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and managing pain, but it’s not without its challenges and risks. Despite its benefits, there are concerns about its potential for addiction and its contribution to overdose deaths, highlighting a darker aspect of its use.

Potential for misuse and addiction

Even though there is a lower potential for buprenorphine abuse compared to full opioid agonists like heroin or morphine, it can still be misused. Some may misuse Buprenorphine by taking it in ways not prescribed, such as crushing and snorting or injecting it to achieve an enhanced effect. This misuse can lead to physical dependence and addiction. Although Buprenorphine’s ceiling effect reduces the risk of respiratory depression, it doesn’t eliminate the risk of overdose, especially when combined with other substances like alcohol.

Overdose risk

There are rising reports of overdose deaths involving Buprenorphine, often in combination with other substances. These deaths highlight the importance of careful screening, prescribing and monitoring by healthcare providers. It’s crucial to educate patients about the risks of mixing Buprenorphine with other drugs, which can significantly increase the risk of fatal overdose.

The bar chart showing deaths due to drug poisoning from buprenorphine in England and Wales over the period from 2002 to 2022 reveals an overall upward trend.

There were minimal to no deaths recorded in the early years, with a gradual increase that became more pronounced after 2010, culminating in a sharp increase in 2020. The peak of this trend is seen in 2021, with a record 51 deaths. Though the figure dropped slightly to 42 deaths in 2022, it remains one of the highest counts observed since the data began in 2002, highlighting persistent concerns over deaths related to buprenorphine.

This trend may mirror wider issues with opioid misuse or suggest specific challenges in managing buprenorphine, possibly due to it being diverted from its medical purpose to recreational use.

Understanding buprenorphine addiction

Recognising the signs of being addicted to buprenorphine is crucial for early identification and prevention. This understanding not only aids in providing timely help to those affected but also in mitigating the broader social and health implications associated with addiction. Being vigilant about the signs of addiction can lead to more effective interventions and support for individuals struggling with substance use disorders.

Physical symptoms of buprenorphine addiction

Physical symptoms of buprenorphine addiction can include:

• Nausea and vomiting: Frequent episodes without other medical explanations can be a sign of misuse.
• Constipation: A common side effect of many opioids, including buprenorphine, which can become more pronounced with misuse.
• Muscle aches and cramps: These symptoms may occur as part of withdrawal or as a direct effect of drug use.
• Drowsiness and fatigue: Excessive sleepiness and a general lack of energy can signal misuse, especially if these symptoms impact daily functioning.
• Respiratory depression: Slowed breathing is a dangerous symptom of many opioid drugs, including buprenorphine, especially at high doses.

Psychological symptoms

Psychological symptoms of buprenorphine addiction might be more challenging to observe but are equally significant:

• Anxiety and depression: Significant changes in mood or persistent anxiety and depression can be related to buprenorphine abuse.
• Cravings: A strong desire or urge to use buprenorphine, often at the expense of other interests or obligations.
• Cognitive difficulties: Problems with focus, memory and decision-making can indicate substance abuse issues.

Behavioural symptoms

Behavioural symptoms of buprenorphine addiction could include:

• Doctor shopping: Visiting multiple healthcare providers to obtain more prescriptions.
• Isolation from friends and family: Withdrawal from social interactions and activities they once enjoyed.
• Neglecting responsibilities: Failing to meet obligations at work, school or home due to drug use.
• Financial issues: Spending excessive money on buprenorphine, leading to financial difficulties.
• Legal problems: Engaging in illegal activities to obtain the drug, including forgery or theft.

Treatment options for buprenorphine

Treating a buprenorphine addiction involves a multifaceted treatment strategy that caters to both the physical and emotional challenges of addiction. Sanctuary Lodge offers an integrated residential rehab programme designed to guide you through every phase of this process.

Buprenorphine detox

The initial phase at Sanctuary Lodge is a closely monitored detox from Buprenorphine aimed at ensuring the withdrawal stage is as secure and comfortable as can be. A dedicated team of healthcare professionals provides support to alleviate withdrawal symptoms throughout this period.

Therapy

To address the psychological roots of being addicted to Buprenorphine, our approach includes a diverse range of therapeutic techniques. We incorporate a blend of established therapies such as Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), as well as embracing holistic practices, including art therapy and yoga. These holistic therapy options promote healing of the mind, body and spirit. This holistic strategy is foundational in promoting a well-rounded recovery.

Aftercare support

At Sanctuary Lodge, we understand that recovery doesn’t end when you walk out of our doors. This is why we include an aftercare support system for everyone who completes the initial rehab stage. Post-rehab support includes regular therapy sessions and access to support groups, which are aimed at helping you sustain your sobriety and ease the transition back into everyday life.

What’s next?

Struggling with being addicted to buprenorphine can feel isolating, but you’re not alone. Sanctuary Lodge offers a compassionate, supportive environment to help you on your path to recovery. With expert care and a serene setting, you can find the strength to overcome addiction.

Contact Sanctuary Lodge today and take the first step towards healing and renewal. Your journey to recovery begins now.